Why do some parts of the world develop more quickly than others Research Paper

Why do some parts of the world develop more(prenominal) quickly than others - Research Paper ExampleThe distribution of such resources as minerals and arable land then made some regions advantaged over others thus become more developed.Man first relied on rainwater fed agriculture, most of the early civilizations relied on the trade of agricultural products. Such led to the schooling of commercialise economies in different regions. Additionally, the subsequent development of both industrialization and urbanization followed the patterns of the availability of the natural resources. The purlieu is therefore an essential factor in analyzing the development rates of different regions thought the world. Diamond analyses the development pattern of the Eurasian society. He observes that the society was advantaged by the presence of suitable plant and animal species in their regions. The domestication of better animal and plant species facilitated the economic growth of the regions. Su ch regions as central atomic number 63 has no deserts implying that the region have cooler climates thereby enabling the domestication of stronger breeds of animals and better cash in crops. With these, the societies pioneered the earliest civilization and the development of stronger market economies. Stronger economies facilitated the development of effective governments in the region to oversee the precaution of the resources thus facilitating the faster development of the Eurasian regions.Diamond further comp ars the rate of development in atomic number 63 to other Eurasian regions such as China and other parts of the Eastern bloc. The European regions had legion(predicate) natural features that enabled the establishment of boundaries. Such included rivers, mountains and other large water bodies including lakes and oceans. The presence of such geographic factors enabled the creation of smaller territories, which are easier to manage. Countries in the Eastern bloc such as China , India and Japan among others are larger with bigger populations. These are unlike the European countries that are smaller owing to the

Ecommerce web development business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Ecommerce web development business plan - Essay ExampleOur offerings will be competitively priced in recounting to other major consulting organizations who also offer high-end expertise. Our projected sales revenue estimates are $159,000 at form 1 and $289,000 at Year 3. Profit is estimated at $65,000 by year 3 with a exculpate profit margin of 6%. These figures factor in 130,000 of current debt with a further $50,000 in capacious term debt. This strategy will forestall any cash flow problems in the first 3 years of operation. Woodville Consultancy has already attracted $50,000 of start-up capital.Consulting firms influence how businesses, governments, and institutions make decisions. Often working behind the scenes, these firms offer expertise-in the form of knowledge, experience, extra skills, or creativity another resource is time or personnel that the client cannot spare. Clients include erect and small companies in the private sector Federal, State, and local government a gencies institutions, such as hospitals, universities, unions, and nonprofit organizations and external governments or businesses. The management consulting services industry is diverse. Management consulting firms advise on almost every feel of corporate operations, including marketing finance corporate strategy and organization manufacturing processes information systems and data processing electronic commerce (e-commerce) or business and human resources, benefits, and compensation. Larger consulting firms usually provide expertise in a variety of areas, whereas smaller consulting firms generally specialize in one area of consulting. Consulting firms might advise clients in the implementation and use of the latest office technology or computer programs that could increase office productivity. Consultants whitethorn provide assistance to firms in areas such as developing new products and pricing, forecasting sales, planning and implementing a marketing strategy, and

Expected effects of the 2022 Fifa World Cup on Qatars economy Term Paper

judge effects of the 2022 Fifa World Cup on Qatars economy - Term Paper ExampleThis will arm Qatars national economy which shows a striking and buoyant performance amid slothful global conditions. In 2010, Qatar registered a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 14.0 %. The country projected that in 2011 the GDP would hit a 15.8 % mark. This steady growth in GDP presents Qatar as the fastest in economic growth among GCC surface area (Qatar First Investment Bank 4).Qatar is expected to benefit a lot from tourists activities. The estimate of the visitors in Qatar amounts to almost half million people. This is abundantst number of tourism representing about a third of Qatars population. Due to this large numbers of tourists, Qatar intends to construct 90,000 hotels and restaurants. This surpasses FIFAs requirement for Qatar to have 65,000 hotel rooms (Oxford Business Group 281). The country expects to mystify many foreign funds from the visitors which will boost the growth of well perfo rming economy. According to classic growth theory, the explosion of population will lead to high Gross Domestic Product (Barclay 66).capital of Qatar has already witnessed 65% of total visitors that come from corpo regularise sector. The overnight stays are expected to buzz off a lot of revenues for Qatar. Tourism industry anticipates raising the occupancy rates in order to profit on the FIFA World Cup. The basis of this expectation is from 2011 when hosted AFC Asian Cup. The large number f fans increased the rate of hotels to about 24 %. This was a remarkable rise when compared to the year 2010 (Oxford Business Group 285). The retailers expect to lay away a lot of money from the sales. This is due to increased domestic and foreign consumptionQatar will freshen up her infrastructure to meet the FIFA standards. The country plans to use 100 billion US dollars to expand and construct saucy system of infrastructure. Some of expected infrastructural changes will feature stadiums, r oads, communication systems, airports, and places of accommodation. Doha airport is under

Substance abuse course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

effect abuse course - Essay ExampleMany lives and families have been ruined due to alcoholism same in the case of Ben in the film under consideration. It is a common responsibility for each ingredient of the confederacy to face the menace of alcoholism as it translates to high cost in terms of difference of life and ill-health. The ensuing frustration from wasted life and loss of job sinks victims even deeper. This is evident in the movie which portrays Ben as having been abandoned by the wife and children, isolated by friends and eventually relocates to Las Vegas to drink to death. purpose a solution to this problem requires in-depth knowledge of the stages of its development. Understanding the source of the drinking habit can be attributed to genetic and social environment factors. However, there are appropriate measures that can help in stripe of the problem in respect of each cause. Initiation stage is critical in averting the surmise of addiction. Recovery also tends to b e delicate since there are high chances of relapse. It is therefore important for the society to sustain the campaign against perfume abuse. This calls for public-private partnership to consistently create awareness in attempts to mitigate the consequences of substance abuse in the

Native American Totem Poles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native American Totem Poles - Research Paper ExampleIt had the ability to protect those dwelling within the household (Stewart 24).There is also the memorial and mortuary gage individually with its own characteristics. This essay leave explore the artistic nature of the Haida people mainly focusing on their totem poles, the style used in designing the pole, the meaning of the pole, reviewing an example a pole, and various criticisms highlighted by art historians based on them.In terms of style, a characteristic feature of the pole used that cannot be ignored is the nature of the tenderness set. The eyes are designed to peer down at the viewer from the position on the pole (Kramer 77). To understand the meaning of totem pole, they are viewed and interpreted from the top to the bottom. Kramer goes on to assert, Well-formed eyes feature inside pupils and outer lids (77).The lines of the Haida poles flow from one decoration to the next. Humans if they appear seem typically smaller than other(a) figures. On other hand, they show fully dimensioned animals with well-rounded body parts and separate personalities (Kramer 77). To note is that with the Haida totem poles they remained unrouged which, is a contrasting feature as compared to other totem poles. For example in cultures such as the Kwakiutl at that place is the use of brightly painted colors such as white, red, yellow, brown and black colors.In affection to the meaning of the totem pole, symbolism plays a major part in their displays. For example in the picture below, each aspect of the totem has a meaning. Here two security guards flank the killer whale. The killer whale vertical fin rises between the hats of the security guards, whose hats indicate chiefly wealth and status. The long beaked bird representing the Raven crescent-shaped has a young bird and human daring on its breast. A small human face supports the bear and leans above the face of the bottom figure. This may represent the bear moth er story, which, is about a

Engineering - Sustainability and Innovation Assignment

Engineering - Sustainability and Innovation - Assignment idealThe place should exude warmth and confidence. Sustainable construction is therefore very critical to the economic, social and environmental fabric of society. Estimates suggest that in developing countries about 40% of the human population would be financial support in cities compared to 20% that was present in 1950. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) Around 40,000 sq.km of cultivable land is being urbanise every year. The worst areas that are going to be hit are the developing countries where infrastructure extend is coming up in the next few years. It is understood that the building designs are capable of endure 80-100 years on an average. It is therefore very important that a construction having such large graduated table life should be built in a sustainable manner so that fits into the surrounding environment. It potful be argued that while lands that are used for irrigation being converted to concrete jungles would inevitably lead to qualifying of farming and have an adverse effect on the food chain around the creation, rise in construction activity would lead to increase in jobs in the construction sector. Estimates indicate that around 3 trillion US dollars are being pumped into the construction sector annually and this accounts for 10% of the world GDP. (Moavenzadeh F, 1994) An estimated 111million worker of which 74% belong to the developing countries and of this 28% engaged in industrial development is what has been put out per the last census. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) While it cannot be argued that construction is a sector that generates large descale employment, its drawback is lack of job security and personal health issues of working personnel. This sector is excessively predominantly virile and since most of the jobs are in the unorganised sector their issues are not aptly addressed. A mess conducted in UK indicated that around 600 workers die annually due to asbestos intoxication, 30% suffer skin disorders and around 40% have bone and ligament fractures. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) About 55000 workers die annually due to construction related accidents. surroundings related incidents are the next major(ip) cause of concern which has strengthened the call more potently for sustainable construction. Deforestation and illegal mining with scant respect to the nature is harmful to the environment. Apart from this dexterity a large amount of cogency is also consumed in transporting these raw materials from its area of origin to other developing countries. (Bossink & H.J Brouwers, 1996) A concept introduced in 1970 called the embodied energy tries to calculate the sum total energy that would be required right from its inception stage, transportation and finally till the construction stage. The effort unendingly is to limit the amount of embodied energy so that one can move towards sustainable construction. The major source of greenhouse emissions is usually for the production of cement which entails a significant amount of fossil furnish burning. Estimates suggest that by 1950 the CO2 emissions would be around four times the present amount. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) It has also been suggested that in the interests of the environment it is best that a greater building density is better compared to a emit building density. This would entail

USPS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

USPS - Essay ExampleThus, the functional system if affected in the ample run.II. Information system which are supposed to ensure that information flows throughout the organization? However, the large way out of union members makes it difficult for the organization to pass information to its members. This makes it difficult for the organizational members to make any significant decisions. This generally affects the team-building aspect of the organization and the financial situation of the organization only worsens the situation (Hicks, 2014).III. Divisional system ensures that an organization is able to enable its employees or members to have the required specialization and division of labor for the well-being of the organization. The employees reports to a general manager who then reports to a senior executive officer. However, the current absence of leaders makes the situation difficult. If the leaders were present in the organization, they could come up with creative strategi es to motivate the workers thus alter the required teamwork in the organization (Kille, 2013).Hicks, J. (2014, May 9). Postal Service lost $1.9 billion in due south quarter, despite uptick for first-class mail. Retrieved from http//www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal-eye/wp/2014/05/09/postal-service-lost-1-9-billion-in-second-quarter/Kille, L. W. (2013, July 8). The U.S. Postal Service and financial sustainability Research roundup. Retrieved from http//journalistsresource.org/studies/government/budget/us-postal-service-financial-sustainability-research-roundupWieczner, J. (2012, dreadful 27). Postal Service Financial Problems 10 Things They Dont Want You to Know. Retrieved from

Influence of Social Networking Sites on Relationships Essay

Influence of Social Networking Sites on Relationships - Essay ExampleThe essay Influence of Social Networking Sites on Relationships discusses the influence of social networking sites on relationships. A social networking site is a form of media of the digital suppurate that helps pile in the development of comm unities and networks. Some of the most popular examples include Facebook, Twitter, and Orkut. The system of chemical attraction includes citizenry who have close relationships with each other or those who argon living as a unit or family. We create our own definition of family. We can decide to add and not add people depending on whether we trust them or consider them family. In this way, we actually go beyond defining kinship as just blood relationships and add such relationships to the definition that leaves a great impact on our lives. Some people desire that close relationships fall into the definition of kinship whereas some people believe that only a blood relation ship is real kinship. Today, anthropology is heading towards forming new forms of kinship. For example, we can find galore(postnominal) people on Facebook who have their close friends or childhood friends as their sisters and brothers. On the other hand, legion(predicate) people present on Facebook have blood relationships between each other. Social networking sites, such as Facebook, also helps people in the formation of imagined communities and networks. People can form such communities where there are no boundaries, no nation states, but a place where they can find people with whom they retrieve good. Facebook has made people less individualistic.

The History Of Women And Science Research Paper

The History Of Women And apprehension - Research Paper ExampleOne of the earliest women known in science was Hypatia and was a mathematician and an astrologer. She lived in Alexandria in the 4th century. She followed her father who was a professor of mathematics and philosophy. As states, students flocked into her classes to listen to her lectures. Hypatia wrote several numerical texts. However, the texts that she wrote were destroyed when the library at the Alexandria University was sacked and burnt down. Hypatia was well respected for her contributions to science. However, she was murdered for her participation in political struggles between the Neo-Platonists and the Christians. When the modern science emerged in the 17th century, the institutional base of science shifted. several(prenominal) societies were established during the seventeenth century, such as the Royal Society of London and the Academie des Sciences in genus Paris (Schlesinger 25).However, women were not allowed t o participate in these societies for a period of about 300 years. Evidence from the seventeenth and ordinal century reveals that a significant number of women were active in science and were waiting to take their get off in the new institutions of science. For instance, Maria Winkelmann who was a German Philosopher was one of those women. Of all the people who were working in the sectors of science, in Germany, only 14 percent were women. During that time, it was problematic for women to perform activities while in the field of science.For instance, Winkelmann was forced to publish her astronomical work.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Reflection - Essay ExampleI was intrigued by the concept of professing. However I am not so sure how it applies to the internal aspect of learning. Perhaps it is with professing that which we already know that acts as a springboard to inviting new knowledge in. Teachers should be alert however because their way of teaching is not the only one that exists and is not necessarily the one that every(prenominal)(prenominal) students will respond to. I dont think that professing is appropriately placed in this article. As the article notes, professing is a form of lecture and no matter how enthusiastic the professor may be about the subject matter, there is a fine line between professing and drilling. I retrieve it is a line that young students would have a hard time deciphering.I think that all members of the teaching profession take learning seriously. The question is how to convey this to students. I found that he brotherly learning atmosphere suggestion to be a positive one. I do know a grade school teacher who teaches in an all-boys catholic school in New York. Her students are in sixth grade. Rather than turn literature into a demand to memorize, she turns the classroom into a lounge. She and her students then prove not only the piece of writing that they were reading but also the author and his own background.In so doing, students experience reflective learning and I think that they actually gain a bett

Human Observation Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Observation witness - Research Paper ExampleFor this documentation, an observation on how sales batch practically profile their customers dismantle before they enter the shop and how they treat the said individuals after profiling them shall be further presented. It is anticipate by the exploreer that through this exceptional documentation a better idea on how people deal with people based on how they carry themselves shall be better focused upon.The application of constitution theory shall be used in this documentation to see how people respond to other individuals sort and approach to clothing selection and presentation (Allport, 2002, 43). This theory is to be used to attain the basic channelize of finding out how pitions of a person towards another creates a definite behavioural effect on the part of the one who is taking the role of the observer (Carver, 2004, 34). Basically, the personality theory is based upon the identification of compassionate behavioural re sponse towards the matters that be happening around them, may it be regarding a particular way out or a particular person they might have a connection with.To assure that this research would garner considerable results that are in connivance with the possible action being proven, the researcher has decided to rove an accomplice who would stand as two different people in two different events that are considered to be the primary places that are to be used as the key conceptual factor that would be the foundation of this experimental research. During the first trial, the accomplice would be dressed-up as a rather ordinary person in slippers and would be asked to enter a jewellery shop. A recording of the conversation that would excrete between the accomplice and the personnel that would approach him would be record. He would then choose a particular accessory and buy it and an observation on how the sales person and other personnel involved would react to the gesture of the ac complice shall be recorded for observation as well. During the second trial, the accomplice shall be dressed well. The observation shall be recorded by the accomplice himself. This time, he would not buy anything from the shop. The comments shall be recorded as much as possible to give a possible reflection on the hypothesis that is being proven in this experimentation. ResultsFIRST TRIAL There were three sales personnel in the shop. Two of them approached the ordinarily dressed accomplice. One stood just beside the jewellery stand while the other assists him closely. non actually knowing what to offer to the accomplice, the sales person just accompanied him wherever he went performing like as if he would steal the accessories that he inspects for buying. The guard was also standing at a steady trying to see what the accomplice was doing. Everyone in the store was likely adamant about the situation but never showed any shooing character towards the accomplice. When the accomplice f inally buys something, it seemed like as if the hard management given

The Rise of Petrol Prices In the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rise of Petrol Prices In the UK - Essay Example more(prenominal) so, the rising accelerator values mostly affects the consumers and motorists hence the need for a review. We nooky however, deduce that the government has an top executive to regulate the escalating rock oil prices. The Guardian records that Yorkshire, Humberside, and north England experience the lowest petrol prices at 137.6p a litre. However, in cities like London and Scotland, prices have hit an all-time high of 137.8p a litre (The Guardian, 2013, p.1). This is interesting as it demonstrates the variance in pricing of petrol across various cities. As such, we can deduce that price of petrol in UK varies from one city to another. Moreover, the motoring organization established that petrol prices in UK go to an average of 138.32p a litre in February this year. This demonstrates a rise of 6.24p a litre since early January. intimately specifically, petro prices rose by 1p in a span of five days. Actually, Expe rian Catalist puts the recent petrol price at an average of 132.83 pence a litre. As a result, the cost of burnling a two-car family in a month with petrol rose to ?13.25 and the cost of refilling a typical 50-litre tank rose to ?3.12.Indeed, the AA president, Edmund King states that this is the third 10p-a-litre wholesale price increase in a span of11 months (The Guardian, 2013, p.1). As a result, the drivers in UK cut down petroleum consumption by 14m to1.465bn liters in January 2013. This is important in that it demonstrates that the effects of high petro prices streams down from the wholesaler to the motorists and the earth. We can therefore deduce that increase in petrol prices has adverse effects on the motorists and results to reduced fuel consumption. The AA states that stock market speculators and the plunging pound atomic number 18 the major contributors to the... This paper approves that the AA states that stock market speculators and the plunging pound are the major contributors to the rising petrol prices in UK. Notable is the fact that rising petrol prices lead to reduced economic growth and economic hardship for many UK citizens. Because of this the AA president requests the UK government to shelve the idea of increase the fuel duty later in the year for purposes of stabilizing petrol prices and reducing the effects on motorists, mother consumers, and problemes in UK. This is interesting as it demonstrates the effects of tax and duty on the prices of petrol in UK. We can therefore deduce that the government can regulate fuel prices through taxes and duties. Moreover, the Office of unclouded Trading confirms that it will soon launch an inquiry into the rising petrol prices and its effects on drivers, consumers, and businesses in UK. In the meantime, the price of petrol continues to rise as the blame game on who is causing this rationalise persists.This report makes a conclusion that the analysis of the statistics relating to rising fuel p rices is important in that it monitors fuel prices in UK for possible reviews and compares the price of fuel in UK to other EU countries. More so, this information is important to students, academicians, and the public as it evaluates the recent and historic petrol price changes thus preparing them for possible changes. In addition, government departments, business consultants, and organizations also use this data for planning. Moreover, the EU uses this information to derive EU price statistics.

Enterprise and Entrepreneruship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise and Entrepreneruship - Essay ExampleWhat remains after settling all the expenditure is the enterprisers profit. Thus, the entrepreneur can be said to be one who shifts frugal resources from an area of subvert productivity, to an area of greater yield and higher productivity. The act that the entrepreneur engages in for the purpose of shifting economic resources from a point of lower productivity, to a point of greater yield and higher productivity is what an entrepreneurship is. The roles and set that the entrepreneur and entrepreneurship dispense in the society and towards economic stability and growth cannot be discounted because they are bulky and multifaceted. As a matter of fact, economists and business pundits such as Audretsch are poignant that, the (hypothetical) act of entrepreneurs in a given inelegant making a dereliction on entrepreneurship is tantamount to dealing that country a coup de grace (2007, 67). Entrepreneurship and the Economy One of the salien t roles that entrepreneurship dispenses in the society and to that societys economy is the maintenance of the relationship between the consumer and the entrepreneur himself. Economies, especially, punkitalist ones in the extreme aggregates encounter hypothetic levels of infinite demands. Entrepreneurs do this by creating goods and services, and thereby ultimately meeting the demand of the market which is the society. The gravity of this completing relationship between the consumer and the entrepreneur is that in the absence of entrepreneurs, the demand of the market will exist, but the allow for will be inexistent. This means that even essential products will not be realisable. Likewise, the same withal means that should the number of entrepreneurs in the society dwindle, then demand will still override supply, and thereby leading to an increase in commodity prices, higher cost of living and a society or an economy beset by inflation (Batabyal and Nijkamp, 2012, 340). Another way in which the entrepreneur benefits the society is by creating wealth. There are several ways by which an entrepreneur creates wealth. One of the ways by which entrepreneurs do this is by shortening the process of output. As the entrepreneur integrates economic resources to make them readily usable, the chain of production is decoupled, since the buyer is saved from the need to expend his synergy in producing the same material. The buyer thus is succored from supernumerary expenditure. For instance, a transport company can be outsourced by a manufacturing company to help assist the transportation of materials essential for production. Thus, the company will have saved the revenue it would have spent in buying large trucks, hiring scores of drivers and settling motor vehicle maintenance costs. The same money that would have been used in settling transportation cost may serve as ploughed-back capital, to help the manufacturing firmly continue with its production exercises (AMAM , 2010, 75 and Audretsch, 2007, 66). Frederick, Monsen and Hunter observe that increased unit and volume of production emanating from ploughed-back cap

The Socratic Theory of Recollection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Socratic Theory of Recollection - Essay ExampleWhat is program line Are thither any general objectives for it Are there any universal methods in it Is there such a thing as the typical child upon whom they may be practicedTraditionally, philosophic methods have consisted of analysis and clarification of c at a timepts, arguments, theories, and language. Philosophers, as philosophers, have not usually created theories of education (or teaching, culture, and the like) instead, they have canvas theories and arguments--sometimes enhancing previous arguments, sometimes raising powerful objections that lead to the revision or abandonment of theories and lines of arguments. (Leon Bailey, 205)However, there be many exceptions to this view of philosophy as analysis and clarification. The classical Greek philosophers, for example, construed philosophy much more(prenominal) broadly and explored a host of questions that later philosophers--more narrowly analytic in their outlook--rejec ted as outside the image of philosophy. Indeed, for the Greeks, philosophy meant love of wisdom, and today we think of their discussions as part of an immortal conversation. Many of us guess that philosophy went too far in rejecting the eternal questions, and there are signs that philosophers may once over again invite their students to join in the immortal conversation. Socrates was one of the philosophers who grounded independent education, stating that both teacher and pupil had refer roles in the process of education. Further we will discuss Socrates theory of recollection in the view of state There is no such thing as teaching, and no such thing as learning.Socrates attitude to knowledge and education was clearly announced in Apology a deportment of the origin kind is not worth living. Once one recognizes ones ignorance, one moldiness recognize that a life in such a state is not worth living. One must make it ones straits concern to seek out wisdom, truth, and the best possible state of ones soul. Nevertheless, in the early dialogues, Socrates puts forth no substantive view about how such knowledge is to be acquired, either because he failed to recognize the business or because he had no solution to it. (Charles J. Brauner, 353-355) His contribution is limited to seeking out those who profess to accusation about these things, questioning them, examining them, and testing them, learning from them if they know (unfortunately no one he meets does), and persuading them of their ignorance if and when they do not. Socrates had the offer of the Delphic oracle (and perhaps even his daimonion) to sustain his faith that this was enough.The teacher, according to Socrates, is the leader of civilization. He must pursue truth even when his contemporaries oppose him. Integrity, above all, is demanded from the schoolmaster. The function of the teacher, according to Socrates, is to awaken the bonnie man. The majority, he felt, is direct by irrational thought s and lethargy, and lives in a cave of half-truths and illusions. Once the student is stirred, and once he becomes aware, he sees a new meaning in life. He probes and he questions. He is guided by curiosity and takes pleasure in

Service recovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Service reco rattling - Essay ExampleThe world-class thing that a service supplier should do is take the whole responsibility for the breakdown (hope and Muhlemann). For example, kind of of saying, It was not our fault, he should say, We are sorry and we shall see what we can do. Apologies are a very important part of system recovery. He should make the customer feel that he is being unsounded and will be attended. Next, he should take immediate actions to solve the problem, and should call back the customer every now and then so that he does not feel that he is being kept waiting. If the node is too hard, the provider can use sentences like, What can we do to make you comfortable? How a provider deals with a difficult client is very important for a successful service recovery. A embody up call is very central after the system has been recovered to help maintain the stableness of the relationship with the client. Works Cited Fitzsimmons, James A., and Mona J. Fitzsimmons. Servi ce focussing Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology. USA McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. Hope, Christine, and Alan Muhlemann. Service Operations Management Strategy, Design, and Delivery. USA Prentice Hall, 1997.

Does God Have a Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does deity Have a future tense - Essay ExampleBecause by definition this is impossible many philosophers have relegated God to the dead earn box. But God is simply the belief that we each hold that defines the difference between right and wrong, and goodness and evil. It doesnt necessarily take a man in the sky viewpoint to hold a belief in God or religion. Science changes its explanations and theories with time and so does God. This is not a dead God it is a liveliness and growing God.Armstrong contends that a committed atheism can be more religious than a travail or inadequate theism. She points out that any explanation for God is either absurd or tyrannical. However, she uses the well-nigh extreme and lame versions of religion to cast her judgments. The living and evolving God is not left behind as a worn out concept, unable to keep up with science and technology. In fact, this is exactly why people are returning to God. We face challenges in our modern world that cant be conf ronted simply on logical or scientific terms. The decisions that we make need to resonate with the belief that there is a undestroyable good to come from them. This comes by being rooted in the passionate theism that guides us.God may be a new and improved version of the previous over-ruling tormentor and keeper of the gates of hell.

The Psychological Dangers of Unemployment Essay Example for Free

The Psychological Dangers of Unemployment Essay hit is inexplicably bound to human being. Since the dawn of time, human beings had to live by the sweat of their brows in order to construe their survival. The advent of technology did not change this reality the former only diversified work, as hearty as made it faster and more convenient. So closely linked is work to human existence that entire schools of thought were actually built around this association. The Prussian philosopher and political economist Karl Marx (1818-1883), for instance, argued that an individuals identity was based on what he or she did for a musical accompaniment (Sayers 39). A somebodys occupation supposedly reflected his or her faculties. The loss of work would whence conduct an adverse effect on all aspects of a someones liveness. In his article The Consequences Undoing Sanity (2006) Louis Uchitelle argued that unemployment translates to more than ripe the loss of an occupation. When an individ ual becomes unemployed, he or she loses not just economic security but as well his or her self-esteem (Uchitelle 299). This observation is very a great deal true in the United States, a come forthlandish whose culture strongly emphasized independence and individual achievement.Since its institution, the US has created an image of itself as an egalitarian society. all(prenominal) American, regardless of race, creed or social status, had to work for their own survival. Consequently, when meeting someone for the first time, the interrogative mood What do you do? is not far from the Americans lips. In American culture, a persons contemplate provides other people an idea intimately his or her personal background educational attainment, upbringing, tastes, gender preference, etc. (Seguin 14)Furthermore, American culture associates work with personal accomplishment (Seguin 14). The egalitarian nature of American culture brought abtaboo the latters philosophy that diligence and in dustry are the tickets to better times. It is therefore not unusual for the average American to hold two or three billets at the alike(p) time. Most Americans were first exposed to work through part-time jobs during their teenage years. Globalization, however, shattered the aforementioned ideals. eagre to cut down on operational expenses, many US enterprises resorted to retrenchment.Minor operations, such as telemarketing and customer assistance, were transferred to Third valet countries. For these companies, downsizing made good business sense the Third World was a source of cheap but highly-skilled labor. But the American workers did not share the same belief. For them, downsizing meant the closure of firms and massive layoffs. Employees who faithfully served a company for many years suddenly found themselves out of work. Worse, they were unable to find a new job.Simply put, downsizing spelled poverty decreased household expenditures, trenchant for a cheaper place to live , selling of properties that took many years to obtain just to make ends meet. Numerous studies ask already been conducted on the damage effects of joblessness, particular(a)ly on unemployment brought about by layoffs decrease in family cohesion, a rise in the divorce rate, the unwinding of communities and guilty feelings among employees who dodged a layoff. But Uchitelle pointed out that the layoff in itself is already a very damaging blow (Uchitelle 301).Most employees who have been laid off often place their misfortune to their mediocre performance as workers (Uchitelle 301) they were fired probably because they always reported late for work, they called in sick even if they really were not, their employers were not satisfied at their outputs, etc. Others, meanwhile, convince themselves that it is the company who has the fuss and not them (Uchitelle 301). They may rationalize that the company is having financial trouble, hence the need to reduce the number of custody that it had to pay.Or maybe layoffs were simply commonplace, given the dismal state of the economy. Despite these elaborate justifications, the feelings of diminishment would still push through (Uchitelle 301). How come they were fired, while their co-workers were not? This sense of diminishment, in turn, has very destructive psychological effects. Despite encouragement from friends and family members, those who have been laid off may no longer feel any enthusiasm about pursuing a new job. This lack of interest has two sources low self-esteem and the fear of trouble (Uchitelle 302).A person who lost his or her job because of a layoff may feel that he or she is too incompetent for any patient of of work. Such self-pity, consecutively, generates the fear that they depart end up acquire fired from the next job that they will avail themselves of. Layoffs can be more psychologically damaging for men, who are still traditionally expected to become the breadwinners of their respective f amilies. One of Uchitelles respondents, Stacey Brown, was very much distressed over the negative personality changes in her husband, Erin, after he was laid off from his job as a mechanic in United Airlines.Prior to the layoff, Erin was a hardworking, ambitious man who was accustomed to his job and had many future plans for his family (Uchitelle 299). But according to Stacey, he was unable to pick up his life after he became unemployed. She believed that the layoff destroyed (her husbands) self-esteem (Uchitelle 299). Since Erin lost his job, he no longer had the office to look for a new job or pursue any other endeavor. His wife had to force him into applying for a job as a technical specialist in a Rolls-Royce engine congeal in Indianapolis.Erin, however, did not get hired. Stacey sensed that this incident made him averse to work of any kind (Uchitelle 303). For one, he described the plants human resources manager in a resentful and insulting manner. According to Erin, I was well-qualified and I went through a lot of effort to get (the job)and it turns out the guy who was doing the hiring had not bothered to understand the nature of the job he was in charge of alter (Uchitelle 303). In addition, he was no longer interested in takeing his former plans of opening his own business.In order to lift his spirits after getting laid off, Stacey insisted on purchasing a plus three-bedroom house located near their residence (Uchitelle 300). She hoped that in buying the house, she would be able to help him fulfill his dream of renovating and reselling rundown houses (Uchitelle 300). It proved to be a false hope. Although Erin started construction work on the house, he completed only the exterior part. Despite his excuses such as having to take care of their son, Kyle, Stacey knew the real debate behind his inability to finish reconstructing the house he was afraid of other failure.According to Stacey, (He) did not want to take the risk of actually finishing the (house) and then somehow (losing it like his former occupation) (Uchitelle 304). No arrive of support and understanding from Stacey helped Erin. Although he had just completed a two-evening-a-week course in air tick repair, he did so for the wrong reasons. I know that I will be overqualified for the next prepare that I take, Erin said (Uchitelle 305). Simply put, the layoff made him feel that he was too incompetent for any gainful employment.Thus, he contented himself with low-paying, dead-end jobs, such as air condition repair. Aversion towards work is another common response among those who experienced a layoff. Getting fired despite dedication to a particular job and or company may make them disillusioned with the point of working for a living (Barling, Kelloway and Frone 291). For them, working no longer makes any sense they would probably get fired anyway. Losing a job is indeed very tragic, as the absence of livelihood would definitely spell poverty for a person or a family.But the tragedy associated with a layoff is even worse. An employee who gets laid off from work ends up losing not only his or her economic security, but also his or her self-esteem. He or she would nigh likely think that his or her incompetence led to the loss of his or her job. But wallowing in self-pity will not get anyone anywhere. After a period of mourning over loss, an individual will have no other choice but to move on with his or her life. Time, after all, never waited for anyone.Furthermore, a person who is down has no other way to go to but up. gets CitedBarling, Julian, E. Kevin Kelloway, and Michael Robert Frone. Handbook of Work Stress. London SAGE, 2004. Sayers, Sean. Marxism and Human Nature. New York Routledge, 1998. Seguin, Robert. Around Quitting Time Work and Middle-Class Fantasy in American Fiction. Durham Duke University Press, 2001. Uchitelle, Louis. The Disposable American Layoffs and Their Consequences. New York Knopf, 2006.

Describe how physical and economic factors Essay Example for Free

Describe how physical and economic factors EssayBournem protrudeh is situated in Dorset in the south of England, boarding the world heritage site, the Jurassic coast. It is Dorsets largest city and is growing rapidly. Founded in 1810 and in 1851 was just a small village of 695 pot, and in 2001 its population was recorded at 163 600. The council be expecting somewhat an 11% increase by 2011. Bournemouth is an example of rapid coastalisation. I believe that the of import reason why Bournemouth is an over displace coast is because of its physical factor its on the coast, with a 7-mile long, sandy beach. This means potential for stunning beach views, which has been attracting a lot of retiring people who argon looking at to downsize and move to the coast with out leaving to travel aboard. The warm climate is withal a bonus, Bournemouth being the second warmest place in England, with mild winters expiring little snow and frost. This also attracts holiday makers, not just people who are looking to move, so during the summer seasons especially Bournemouths coasts be keep up even busier as hotel, apartments bed and breakfasts and even campers come down to catch the nice weather they may not be experiencing at home, without having to spend a fortune aboard.Bournemouth also has easy access to amenities, much(prenominal) as leisure centers, shopping centers, cinemas and theatres inte lodge ining people of all ages. The area also attracts commuters as it has its own airport meaning there is no such need to travel to early(a) cities to catch a plane. It also means that if foreign people are looking to come to an English coastal area, it is very commonplace as it has its own airport and has beaches culture by. During the 1980s renewing of the train station took place, and by upgrading the system, London is just 2 hours away.Bournemouth also has big(p) road links such as A35, A338, linking Bournemouth motorways with other A roads and the M25. Bournemouth is a lso renown for its dockage half way between the 7-mile stretch of beach. As well as its stunning views of Purbeck hills and isle of white, it also has a wide variety of attractions, entertainment and retails. Despite being so popular however, Bournemouth currently has plans of regeneration certain parts such as the pier a new spa village and they are also closely focusing on sports and leisure.However despite the rapid growth of population verging on being a problem I believe that regenerating certain parts, which are aimed at attracting tourists, is that going to worsen the situation. There are also economic factors, which are making Bournemouth a crowd coast. There is plenty of spare land that is available which now has planning permission to be real on and financial support is being provided.This land ordain have houses constructed on, which means there go away be an increase of the amount of people that live in Bournemouth adding to the forever-growing population. However wages are emit just this doesnt affect people who live here, as housing is con gradientrably cheaper then the rest of the UK despite where its situated. This also means that people can buy more for their money and a standard 4-bedroom house will be relatively cheaper then if you were to buy one in privy for exampleBournemouth is also attracting the retired who are looking to downsize, but still get good value for their money. deliver and Breakfasts being set up as small businesses are also becoming increasingly popular for the older generation, because as houses are cheaper its easier to do so and a small income is also made by doing something which may just be a hobby. Previous brownfield sites have also be regenerated along with eject land producing even more housing.This housing is surrounding old Victorian buildings and there has been debate whether not it is suitable to build new housing, as it is unlikely that it will fit in with the current. The reason why so many sites are getting developed is due to the demand for more housing. These houses would not be being constructed if there wasnt a need, and as they have estimated the population to keep on expanding this senseless housing is a must. Bournemouth is an example of coastal squeeze. This is when the city is squeezed between urban areas on one side and rural on the other.But obviously new houses cant keep being constructed on empty land, as before long its green space with in the city and around will become significantly low. Bournemouth also has its own highly rated university attracting a lot of applications and students each year. Of these students, the majority who diversify are skilled graduates with a high degree. Bournemouth university having a good reputation interests more people in going, meaning that there are more students interested In going each year adding to the overcrowding.A huge economic reason why Bournemouth is becoming crowded is due to the service sector including banking , pay and tourism has grown hugely with a higher demand for employment, the biggest demand being for financial. It was recorded that in 2003 18,300 people were employed in the financial industry in Bournemouth. Barclays, Portman Group and Abbey Life have their offices in the near by town of Poole, whilst JP Morgan Chase has a large office on the edge of the city, and little ones with in employing over 4000 people.Overall I believe that the main reason that Bournemouth has become a crowded coast is due to the first physical reason I mentioned, where it is located. With such good views and stunning beaches this was the main reason why people first moved here and is a key reason in why people still do. Along side with this there are also other factors but of which I believe have just grown and triggered from the stunning scenery. Being surrounded by other key cities such as Poole, it makes Bournemouth even more successful with trade businesses as well.

Lennie is mourning the death of his puppy Essay Example for Free

Lennie is tribulation the death of his puppy EssayAt the beginning of the extract, Lennie is mourning the death of his puppy by his own hand when Curleys wife enters the barn and attempts to comfort him and she aloneows Lennie to stroke her cop. When Lennies striking fingers fell to stroking her hair we see that something is going to happen as the mood changes and the tension is heightened. We watch an inclination to what is about to happen as we have seen the inevitability of the scenario with Lennies strength and Curleys wifes desire for affection and attention. When Curleys wife tells Lennie not to muss it up, Lennie strokes harder, as he is overcome with the pleasure of the experience, this shows that Lennie doesnt listen to anyone except from George, thus reinforcing what we already know. Curleys wife says you await it now and jerks her head sideways and Lennie then panics and automatically his fingers close on her hair and hung on, this is because it is the only t hing he preserve think to do, this emphasises his child- ilk mentality as his reaction is physical as opposed to psychological.Lennie was in a panic and his face was contorted, these two short simple sentences portray the naturalness and naivety of Lennies actions as well as reflecting the way Lennies mind works, short and simple. He begs Curleys wife to stop screaming because Georgell be mad and aint gonna let him tend no rabbits showing that he has a one-track mind, often like a child. Lennie then gets angry and tells Curleys wife I dont want you to yell, this again shows his child-like mindset and his peevishness leads him to shake her.So hes shaking her, not in an aggressive manner, but to protect his part in the dream, her body flopped like a fish and she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck. At this point we see Lennie, not notwithstanding kill Curleys wife, but kill the dream too. Lennie does not realise he has killed her as he continues to turn to to her, he lifts her arm and lets it drop and is, for a moment, bewildered. His mind cant capacitate why she is not responding, all he thinks he did was shake her, showing just how unaware he is of his own strength.Animal mental imagery is used to describe how Lennie pawed up the hay until it party covered her, this connotes Lennies clumsiness and density. In the concluding carve up of the extract we see Lennie become conscious of the outside for the first time, he recalls what George told him to do if he gets into disturbance and goes to hide in the brush, taking the dead puppy with him to throw it away because its bad enough like it is. Here we see Lennie make a decision himself, be it the right one or not, he seems to have matured slightly because of the situation at hand and this event could be something that changes Lennies childish behaviour. end-to-end the death of Curleys wife, we still feel more sympathy for Lennie, because he is so unaware of the danger his actions can cause and he is still a naive and innocent character, despite the unintentional harm he has brought to many things. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written region of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Hunter’s in The Snow Essay Example for Free

Hunters in The Snow stressThe story Hunters in the Snow is a fiction published in the course 1982. The author Tobias Wolff tells the story of three manpower Tub, Frank and Kenny who decide to go on a motivate to the woods for hunting. As I read on I find that as the story develops the slip unveils. The presentation of the characters does not reveal much and I come to know about the characters only through and through their actions and I keep guessing about their real self. The three characters who appear to be good friends at the surface have hidden secrets which they conceal from each other and these truths later on lead to their destruction.As the story develops I am surprised to know that they have bitterness for each other which are emphasized in the apt setting of the cold, drab winter time. Their arrogant conversations expose the in clement complexities of the human nature which is as freezing and unemotional as the winter snow. There are a stripe of autobiographica l elements in the story and Wolffs life is seen within the characters. The opening seems fascinating to me, Tub had been postponement for an hour in the falling snow (Wolff 1) and this draws my curious mind into the story and I am burning to know what follows.The story also makes me reminiscent of my days of hunting with my father during the winter. The dialogues between the hunters remind me how we use to enjoy Mukherjee 2 talking and making fun. I like everything until Kenny appears to be going crazy. He starts hating plastered things and shoots at them. Its pathetic to read when he tells Tub I hate you (Wolff 78) and before Kenny could curl up the trigger Tub shoots Kenny right in the stomach and knocks him over backwards. But the most scheming while to me seems the way in which Frank and Tub behave after the incident.They stop at a umber shop forget that they have lost their notes and map and that they are driving in an opposite armorial bearing to the hospital. It is stra nge that with the conservations between the two friends I also become oblivious of the fact that Kenny is bleeding in the car. The efficacy of writing by the writer in relating the conversations between Frank and Tub is so pricey and the things revealed so shocking and horrendous that I almost forget the dying Kenny and when at the end I come to know hes dead it does not surprise me much.The weakness of the story is the memoir which is very distant and the speaker just states fact. Its the setting and dialogues that give insight into the characters. The story is no doubt interesting that inhuman. I read the story Bullett in the Brain and this one attracted me alike . The author presents his characters normal and sensible this moment and mad people the next moment. But the story or else of giving me answers to different life situations feels my mind with a lot of questions.It may appear normal that the men who are instinctively primeval are befitting with the primordial settings of the woods but I rightfully cannot come to terms that how Frank and Tub stay so cool and talk on divorce, propensity and such things while stuffing themselves with coffee and pancakes while Kenny bleeds to death. I really feel hatred towards them. whitethorn be to get rid of persecution they had to let him die. Therefore the story really does not end but it continues to develop in the hearts of readers like me who are eager to find the answers.

Organizing Work Essay Example for Free

Organizing Work EssayMcDonalds CorporationIt has befit clear to upper management that the personal manner McDonalds has been operating over the past decade is not helping in moving the partnership forward. focal ratio management feels that the company is falling behind, and changes must be do immediately. The changes withdraw to start with how the organisation is structured. Once proper changes in structure are made, it is believed that McDonalds pull up stakes then be suitable to implement plans that go out lead McDonalds into a successful future. The purpose of this paper is to make recommendations as to what changes in organizational structure would help McDonalds become more sufficient. Along with changes in structure the paper will also determine what work involve to be done, how it is to be done, and the approach that should be used to pack success back into the organization.RecommendationsThere have recently been talks between upper management virtually do n ecessary structural changes to the McDonalds organization here in the U.S. The first recommended change is eliminating levels of management. add up of the past have shown that the old traditional way of communication and barriers of so many levels of management had become a barrier to decision making (Jennings, Maze, 2014). The team agrees with this change and believes that the change should be implemented as soon as possible. The basis for this change is that it will help in bring the company close to the customers.With so many layers of management it seems as if there is more time being spent disputation and talking to each other, rather than talking to the customer and making decisions. McDonalds marketing has shown that they need to change to the flow customers require of what they want. McDonaldspresident has worked for McDonalds for the last ten years, and he has seen numbers drop drastically which doer, it is time for change (Jennings, Maze, 2014). Essentially it is s afe to say that McDonalds is losing its relationship with its customers.Another gigantic change that McDonalds has been thinking about is changing the number of divisions here in North America from leash to four. It is believed that grouping the regions into four divisions, as well as eliminating some levels of management will appropriate for regional leaders to have more autonomy, and will allow leaders to set a menu base on the restaurants geographic location. According to the McDonalds website, Jennings, Maze, (2014), The changes are highlighted by the elimination of layers of management, giving leaders of its 22 U.S. regions more autonomy in setting the menus and making marketing decisions. These changes will also allow McDonalds leaders to restructure the menu to be more diverse to any ones take habit. They will be allowed to market more things on the menu than just burgers and fries. Change is good, and they are horny to embrace it.How to do Work EffectivelyE very organi zation has its own structure to follow. McDonalds current structure is failing when it comes to the customers wants. This is why upper management has been talking about restructuring the design by dividing McDonald ground forces into four divisions. These divisions would include, Northeast, South, Central and West (Jargon, 2014). Each region would have a president in charge. nether each president there should be different types of managers who know the culture of each region. This will allow for the company to deliver the right intersection point to the customers. They also need to remove some of the managerial levels because having as well many managers results in decisions not being made. Eventually leading to a lack of growth in the business. McDonald needs to adapt according to the changes that are taking place in the world such as the economy, competitors and technology.They need to have basic meals that fit all regions in addition to that, they need to wee-wee untested pr oducts to fit with the culture of each region. Sweet tea is a good example of a product that fits in with the culture in the south. Therefore it would be good for McDonalds restaurants in the south topromote sugary tea. However, sweet tea is not very popular in the Northeast so it would be senseless to spend money promoting a product that no one is interested in. This is where the president of the region would need to find another(prenominal) product to promote. One that will fit the culture, and interest of the people in the Northeast. This means that management in each region needs to center on on research and development in tell to make the right decision. In addition, technology is really important nowadays that is why McDonald needs to work with Apple to create an account in Apple Pay. Customers can pay quickly and order their food ahead of time.This will satisfy their customers because most of them do not have the time to turn back to pick up their meal. It will take both an individual and team effort for McDonalds to complete the work. Upper level managers will need to work individually to make the right decisions. For instance, upper level manager should study the region and try to figure out how they can enhance the product or create a new product to fit the culture. Lower level employees need to work in teams so they can satisfy the customers.For example, the worker operating the grill cooks the meat and when it is done he or she passes it to another worker to make the sandwich according to the customers preference. Each team member is important because if they are not motivated to do their work the whole team will fail to deliver the product to the customer. It is very important that there is manager in each branch to motivate and coach the employees. Managers must be able to fill the role of an employee if the branch was crowded and direct them to do the right job. The manager should focus on increasing the sales by satisfying the customers.Be st ApproachMcDonalds Corporation needs to embrace that changes that are set to take place. Upper management will need to stick by their decisions, and have faith in their management. This means allowing the presidents in each of the four new divisions to take bountiful control of operations within their regions. The divisions presidents must look to regional managers for input on necessary changes. It is up to them to find out what the customers want, and what the customers want is what they should get. Ideally McDonalds is looking to do two things when making these structural changes. The first is to keep the same basic product menu in every region, barely allow for differentregions to add certain products that cater to the customers in that region. Second is to allow for decisions to be made more efficiently and effectively.ConclusionThe planning for these changes has already begun and sometime in the immediate future the changes will be implemented. These are good changes and t he team feels that they will eventually make a significant unlikeness in the overall success of McDonalds Corporation. It is going to take time, but we feel these changes will lead us into the future on the right path.ReferencesJennings, Maze,, L.J. (2014). McDonalds Reorganizes US into Four Regional Divisions. Retrieved from http//nrn.com/mcdonalds/mcdonald-s-reorganizes-us-four-regional-divisions Jargon, Julie, (2014). McDonalds Plan to Change U.S. Structure.Rettrieved from http//online.wsj.com/articles/mcdonalds-to-change-u-s-structure-1414695278

What is meant by the term gothic Essay Example for Free

What is meant by the term gothic Essay medieval literature, which is some dates referred to as Gothic horror, is a musical genre that links horror and romance into one tale of transgressing the boundaries. Gothicism was inaudible of until the late 1700s, this movement into a new genre of literature. This was pioneered by the English author Horace Walpole, in his renowned fictional book The Castle of Otranto, or as Walpole alternatively titled it a Gothic reputation.Horace Walpole himself had transgressed the boundaries slightly by introducing this new style of writing he had added a whole new genre into literature. Walpoles style of writing was unique and captivated the contributors mind and imagination to let he or she sh be the act of transgression, or as Robert Kidd, a renowned critic put it, The Gothic has in some way seduced the subscriber so that he or she is complicit in engaging in whatever he or she might encounter. This is what kept Gothicism alive, the authors ability to intrigue the considerer and give them a thirst to read more gothic literature.The term Gothic has been viewed as real different things e realplace time. Gothicism came about at a very tumultuous time, after the fall of the Roman Empire, a time of raw and uncontrolled exercise of physical power. The Goths were a barbaric tribe of murderers, rapists and thieves, later the term was cognise as Medieval. Nowadays the term Gothic is viewed very differently by modern society, when fantasy about now, one thinks of it as horror. It is in rock bands, the theatre, but mainly in the modern depiction industry. Gothicism has become somewhat of an obsession to modern film producers and leading film companies in recent years. This quickening of Gothic themed films started in 1922 with the film Nosferatu this was then followed by Rebecca in 1940.And the list continues, Sleepy Hollow (1999), body Bride (2005), Sweeney Todd (2007), and one of the more modern examples, the newer vers ion of The Woman in Black (2012). This just highlights the extent of pastime in modern society about modern Gothicism. The standard thought of somebody, when they be posed with the promontory What do you understand about the term Gothic? would most likely be fairly predictable. The photo would be set in the heart of a dark, wet forest away from any recipe civilisation.The building would be a dark and rundown old mansion in a blown-up empty clearing with large emptyrooms and halls. Gargoyles would be clinging to the exterior of the building, and a decrepit, collapsed roof leaking and go down in the driving rain. When the innocent traveller knocks on the door hoping to gain refuge and shelter from the storm, he is greeted by an emaciated, gangly butler who invites them in, as they fail to notice the menacing grin as they usher in the dark, badly lit and claustrophobic corridor. The scene created is one of fear and horror which is typical of Gothicism. All these features are m otifs in Gothic literature. These tools are what all authors of Gothic literature use without exception. This is for the simple reason that these tools are what keep the genre of Gothic literature alive.The author uses the readers natural, urge for adrenalin pull ahead and thrill, through suspense and mystery to make the book successful. In almost every Gothic text, the reader is in a position of dramatic irony where he or she throne see everything mishap and unfolding, without the ability to stop it. Another one of the main reasons, as to why Gothic Literature is much(prenominal) a success is because Gothic texts allow the reader to think the unthinkable, and to sublimate their innermost desires, psyche and their wildest imaginations. The reader is able to suffer his or hers innermost desires through the pages of the book.The reader finds refuge through Gothic text. This is no exception with the authors. The author also wants to satisfy their imagination by creatively and arti culately channelling their thoughts into a play of art. Robert Kidd writes in his Transgressing the Boundaries article, The power and passion of Gothic Literature seemed eminently suited to the iconoclasts who wished to challenge the status quo. thither were many famous writers like this, for example, Horace Walpole, Lewis, Godwin and of course bloody shame Shelley. The authors and readers of Gothic Literature share a very special connection. Both sides gain from books and share the same feelings as one writes and one reads the book, with both self-coloured their imaginations.Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus is a known as a Gothic text. Although Frankenstein is and then a gothic text, it does not include every element of Gothic text. However it is impossible to read the book without realising that there are a lot of Gothic techniques within. A major part of Gothic literature is mystery, and this is present from the very beginning of the book. We experience myst ery firstly in the letters onpp. 15-31. The reader at this stage does not know who is writing the letters (He is soon revealed as Robert Walton) and who the Mrs Saville he is writing to is.This is the first mystery the next is why Robert Walton is writing in such a well(p) tone, rejoice to hear that no disaster has accompanied. Already the reader is feeling a intelligence of danger and mysteriousness in the book. This is an exact example of the reader being driven to read further to satisfy their curiosity. Gothic Literature is not only about horror romance also plays a very large part in it. And this is also present from the very beginning of the book. In the letters mentioned in the previous paragraph, as well as the mystery and danger sensed by the reader (Rejoice to hear that no disaster has accompanied.), the reader also senses the do it between Robert Walton and his sister, Mrs Saville. There are of love and affection in every single letter without exception, for instance F arewell, my dear, excellent Margaret.And the list can continue with numerous examples. The various examples above that contribute to a Gothic text are not lone samples. These various themes and motifs continue end-to-end the text. Gothic text also has a reputation for not immediately beginning with horror and dark mystery rather it begins with peace and harmony that gradually changes throughout the text, and again Frankenstein is a testimony to this.When Victor completes his pride, his experiment, his son, his reaction is one of ecstasy, Beautiful. Beautiful which quickly changes to one of horror and abhorrence, with his words the beauty of the dream vanished, and a breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. This emotion of love changing to disgust is verification of Shelleys efforts make Frankenstein a Gothic text, as many texts do. Mary Shelley, in the book Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, went to great lengths to make the book a Gothic text, and and so it went on to become one of the most famous Gothic texts in history.

The Addiction to Online Gaming Essay Example for Free

The Addiction to Online Gaming EssayTragedy struck on November 20, 2001, when avid online feebler Shawn Woolley was pitch dead in his room. Found near his body was a . 22 caliber rifle, with his favorite game, EverQuest test in his computer. This instantly created the notion for Shawns mother, Elizabeth, that the reason behind her sons act of suicide was his addiction to the said game (Spain Vega, 2004). EverQuest has been one of the most popular 3D Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) since its creation in 1998. Originally created by Sony Entertainment, the games popularity has broken boundaries, as it has spread not only in the United States, exclusively all over the world as well. MMORPG is a kind of game wherein there is interaction among gamers by a virtual world (Spain Vega, 2004, p. 82). In the case of EverQuest, that virtual world is called Norrath (Spain Vega, 2004, p. 82). First, a player chooses a showcase, then develops its role in this sai d world.No one really wins in this game, as the character of the player progresses through time as it is played (Spain Vega, 2004). Jay Parker cogitate that EverQuest is a highly addictive game. For Parker, a chemical dependency counselor and co-founder of the Internet/Computer Addiction Services in Washington, the game has this potent effect on its gamers that it distorts their way of thinking, and players are somewhat pressured to play for extensive hours to be able to nevertheless develop their respective characters (Spain Vega, 2004, p.83). However, researcher Sara Kiesler contradicted this claim and said that the gamers have their own issues, and the personality of the players themselves is the one that puts them at risk as he or she uses this as an escape from reality (Spain Vega, 2004, p. 83). Personally, I would go for Kieslers claim. If a gamer is diagnosed with or is likely to develop a personality disorder, a game like this may sound aggravate the said disorder.Kwe i-Fen Shei and Ming-Sung Cheng (2007) conducted a study that focuses on online gaming and its impact on fulfillment among adolescents. They concluded that, since gaming is highly suitable for the younger people, developers should also take into account not only the marketability of their product, only when also the significance of the social aspects of psychological atonement that gamers can gain from the game, such as scholarship and the desire for self-esteem (Kwei-Fen Ming-Sung, 2007).ReferencesKwei-Fen, S. Ming-Sung, C. (2007). An empirical study on experiential value and lifestyles and their effects on satisfaction in adolescents An example using online gaming. Adolescence, 42, 199-215. Spain, J. , Vega, G. (2004). Everquest Entertainment or Addiction? In A. Gini A. M. Marcoux (Eds. ), Case Studies In telephone circuit Ethics, sixth Edition (pp. 81- 84). New Jersey Pearsnon Education, Inc.

Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Example for Free

Vietnam Currency Protectionism EssayVietnams decision to devalue its currency by 5 per cent last week to protect itself from undervaluation of the Chinese renminbi, and the worried response from Thailand and other Asian countries, suggests the drive towards global trade conflict may already be unstopp equal to(p). As one group of countries seeks to come along or maintain trade advantage by manipulating their currencies, the historical precedent suggests that countries that atomic number 18 non able to devalue will respond with trade protection, especially tariffs and other barriers, and global trade will suffer. In the 1930s many, but not all, major economies imposed draconian constraints on trade which sharply promise external commerce and to the highest degree certainly slowed the global recovery. It was widely understood then that the collapse in international trade would only worsen the crisis, and yet countries, seeking to protect their own positions, collectively en meshed in behaviour that left them worse off. American economists Barry Eichengreen and Douglas Irwin recently published a paper examining the grow of the post-1930 surge in protection.They argue that during the 1920s and shortly after the onset of the 1929 crisis, several countries abandoned the favourable standard and engaged in beggar-thy-neighbour warring devaluations. These countries subsequently experienced rapid improvements in their trade balances and suffered a lot less from the ravages of the global contraction of the 1930s. But others, most obviously the US and European specious axis vertebra countries, were sharply constrained in their ability to adjust their currencies.These countries suffered much of the brunt of the adjustment as imports became more hawkish against their domestic industries, especially in relation to countries that were less constrained. These were overly the countries that were most likely to resort to what the authors visit the second-best adjustment mechanisms tariffs, import quotas, deputize controls, and so on. The exchange rate regime and economic policies associated with it were recognise determinants of trade policies of the early 1930s, they wrote.Countries that remained on the flamboyant standard, keeping their currencies fixed against gold, were more likely to restrict outside trade. With other countries devaluing and gaining competitiveness at their expense, they adopted such policies to strengthen the balance of payments and fend off gold losses. That should not surprise us. In a world of contracting global demand policymakers were concerned not just with measures to boost domestic demand but also with measures that allowed them to acquire a greater percentage of foreign net demand.The easiest way to do this was by devaluation. But countries that were unable to realign their currencies remained under nip to find alternative ways of helping their domestic industries. They resorted to tariffs and impo rt quotas. The same thing may be happening again. Of course no currency is any longer tied to gold, so there is no country whose ability to devalue, as in the 1930s, is limited by a commitment to maintain gold parity. But there are countries whose abilities to manage their currencies are so far severely constrained.The US dollar, for example, is widely believed to be overvalued, especially in relation to the currencies of Asian nations. Because of massive intervention by Asian central banks, however, it is proving almost impossible for the dollar to adjust sufficiently, except against floating currencies such as the euro. This creates a similar business for Europe. Although few analysts believe the euro to be undervalued against the dollar indeed, most believe it is more likely to be overvalued it is nonetheless forced to bear the brunt of US dollar adjustment by further appreciation.This means that both the US and eurozone countries suffer from currency intervention and competi tive devaluations elsewhere, with little room to adjust. What can the US and Europe do? If Messrs Eichengreen and Irwin are right, they are likely to resort to the same second-best options available to them as countries locked into overvalued gold exchange rates in the 1930s. They will raise tariffs or otherwise intervene directly in trade, and it is jolly clear already that as US and European anger over currency misalignment grows, the recourse to protectionism is also growing.Nearly everyone agrees that a world that retreats into direct and indirect forms of trade protection is a world that is worse off and likely to recover more slowly from the global crisis. But the fact that everyone seems to agree on this point should not allay our worries. In the 1930s, it was also well understood that the crisis would be exacerbated by plunging international trade. This did not stop a descent into protectionism which put the Great into the Great Depression.Once again it seems we are going to make the same mistake. Countries that can expand their share of global demand by competitive devaluations are seeking to do so. Countries that cannot will almost certainly consider more direct forms of intervention. We should worry. Without undecomposed global co-ordination, in which the US and Europe forswear protectionism in exchange for significant appreciation of undervalued currencies, emerging tariffs appear inevitable.

Stabilising factor in the cold war from 1949 to 1963 Essay Example for Free

Stabilising factor in the cold struggle from 1949 to 1963 EssayTo what extent was the thermo atomic accouterments passage a more stabilising factor in the cold war from 1949 to 1963?From the peak of 1949 up until 1963 saw increasing developments in thermo thermo atomic technology by two the 2 super agencys, the USA and USSR. The race meant that both superpowers aimed to match distributively another(prenominal)(a) and veritable(a) gain the upper hand in damage of nuclear projectile technology. Nuclear arms were seen as a form of scare tactic against the other superpower as both felt threatened by each others ideological capability. It was also employ as a form of defence mechanism in case of future attack however, the power and destruction of the weapons in which these countries created would have proved fatal not simply for the opposing country however for the world. The nuclear arms race has been argued that it stabilised relations in the midst of the countries e specially afterwards the Cuban missile crisis although there is much evidence that proves otherwise, in which relations between the soviets and the unify States were as tense as ever.On the 6th of August 1949, the USSR tested the first atomic bomb in the north of what would be now Russia. This was to start a fury of nuclear examination between the nations. However the first testing was actually in 1945 when the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing thousands of civilians. This immediately threatened not only Japan, the enemy of the United States during WW2 but also close neighbour, the USSR. Stalin saw the highly powerful bombs as hug of power over the world. The United States showed the might and strength of their military weaponry but it made relations between the two superpowers very(prenominal) unsettling.It could be seen in this period, as a settling factor with the policy of Brinksmanship. The policy was formed by Eisenhower, the President from 1953 to 1961 and John Foster Dulles, the Secretary of State. It was a policy of intensely threatening the opposing side with action without delivering the action. In this case the United States were threatening the USSR with Nuclear action. It was a very dangerous policy as the name suggests it would go right to the brink of Nuclear War. This was very much true in the Cuban Missile crisis when the Soviets had nuclear weapons based in Cuba ready to address America, while the Americans had missiles based in Turkey, also ready to attack.Both superpowers were not only within each others sphere of influence, but they were also armed too. If the opposition was not backing down it would lead to two options, to either reveal the erroneous threats or go to war. This policy however was officed by both parties which in essence mad the whole of the period of epoch a very tense time. The false threats could be seen as a stabilising factor as both parties were not going to use the weapon s, only as a scare tactic which would lead to an increase in communication between the countries. On the other side, threatening to destroy the opposing superpower could be seen as unsettling the relations rase more than it already was.M.A.D. (Mutually Assured Destruction) could also be a Stabilising factor in this period as it caused both sides to rethink their strategies. Both sides had enough nuclear weaponry to annihilate the other and to even counter-strike when hit first. Both sides knew that using this strategy would prove too costly so for their own call for they needed some other approach. A more flexible approach in which the sides would use smaller, targeted missiles achieving to hit a specific area would be more worthwhile as it would constrain the amount of action and destruction that the arms could bring. This agreement to use another approach to Brinksmanship in which it brought threatening words to the negotiations would be another step towards a more steady rel ationship between the soviets and the U.S.The Leaders of both sides also vie a huge significance in terms of the nuclear arms race. The soviet leader Khrushchev who served from 1953 to 1964 was a very unpredictable character. This had made relations with the United States very unsettling especially when he possessed nuclear arms. America was desperate to initiate some kind of direct contact. This direct contact was made when the naughty line telephone link was created.This could be seen as a sign of a more colonized relationship during the nuclear arms race. It was a form of direct contact between the President, which at the time was Nixon and the Soviet Leader Brezhnev. Created in 1963, its aim was prevent a misunderstanding between the nations with the topic of nuclear arms. It was successful as it gave a quick response to any threats the Soviets made especially when the Soviets pulled out of Cuba, the United States were unsure of what the soviet would do next.The Nuclear Test B an treaty of 1963 was another sign that the nuclear arms race was a stabilising factor as it banned testing of nuclear weapons supra water. This was a huge significance as the previous decade consisted of both superpowers testing and improving nuclear weaponry. The main reason for this was the fact that they got too close in the Cuban missile crisis. They were literally hours from nuclear war. However there other factor that played into the formation of the treaty. The Soviet Union were in economical turmoil especially when they were paying almost a third of their GMP on arms. America was also in turmoil especially with the Vietnam War heating up and domestic issue of civil rights.In conclusion, after looking at the period of 1949-1963, the nuclear arms race was a stabilising factor in the cold war although things could have been the complete opposite. The risk of using Brinksmanship could have ended in war and eventual devastation of the world. Both countries, for their own sake needed to come to some agreement to limit the arms. By using the hot line telephone link both superpowers could prevent each other with great speed which helped misunderstanding especially when Khrushchev had a very unpredictable mind. The test ban treaty of 63 also helped limit the use of unsettling use of the weapons but it dragged other powerful nations such as China and France into the mix when they disagreed against the treaty.

The Affects of Cutting Nasas Budget Essay Example for Free

The Affects of Cutting Nasas Budget Essay galore(postnominal) citizenry undermine the importance and contributions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, also known as NASA. As president Obama is forced to make severe cypher cuts, NASA is among the most affected programs to endure the blow. This issue does not take aback many people, but experts say that what is occurring will affect everyone as well as the economy more than they may believe. These extreme budget cuts recently issued by Congress impinge on the NASA space program by having a large impact on culture, and risking the setback of innovation in todays machine-driven society. With each(prenominal) do respect, I have never seen an 8th grader tantalise up in their chair and say I want to be an NSF Researcher. With all do respect, these agencies do important scientific work but they ar unknown and invisible at the age where people choose what they want to be when they grow up. 1 Neil Degrasse Tyson bri ngs into play a very important thought as he explains the affect of the budget cuts on the younger population of America. Scientists are worried that if NASA is taken way, we are taking away the birthplace of the STEM research fields. STEM, which stands for Scientists, Technologists, Engineers, and Mathematicians2 are those who make up tomorrow, or in other words, our future. By eradicating the space agency, we are also eradicating potential heroes to come.Furthermore, NASA is the only agency that taps into the frontiers of all basic subjects including, biology, chemistry, physics, math, astronomy, geology, atmospherics, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. 3 The people involved in these subjects, who innovate through opportunities presumption to them by the NASA program, are being deprived of their chance to invent and potentially become heroes.These heroes are those who collapse lasting impacts on society and culture. For example, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, and as clock progressed, the telephone evolved into the cell phone. Today the cell phone is used for almost everything web browsing, emergencies, work and entertainment, and serves as a sizeable part of everyday life. Therefore, its easy to see that destroying the funds of NASA is simultaneously ruination our chance for new innovative heroes who are likely to create and impact the world we live in.Lastly, during the tenner of the 1960s, the average person knows that this was a decade of many important events to name a few, the construction of the Berlin Wall, MLK Juniors I Have a Dream Speech, the first heart transplant, the first super bowl, the assassinations of JFK, MLK Jr. , and Kennedy and the Cold War. yet most importantly these major events were not necessarily the highlight of the 1960s but more so the shining pearl of that decade was the Mission to the Moon. Everyone was a participant, emotionally and intellectually. 4 Many people say, I judge we s hould turn our problems here on Earth before we go into space. 5 In the year 2007, the requested budget for the NASA program totaled to roughly $17 billion dollars. Numerous people argue that this amount of money could and should be used to solve other problems that concern the people here on Earth. For example hospitals cope that the money should be used for needed medical expenses. Others argue that the money could be used to solve poverty problems and debt.

Educational needs of immigrant and refugee students

Educational holds of immigrator and refugee studentsThis literary review examines what educators atomic number 18 doing to assist the influx of outside students, what tools they use in categorize, and how these students perceive manipulation by other students in class. In this article, I embroil examinations from a series of articles that relate to the topic I chose in class, which are the educational activityal needs of immigrants and refugee students. In order to understand what these needs are, I selected articles that address the needs of immigrant and refugee students, and focused on what t for each oneers develop in their classroom to facilitate those needs. This literary review also addresses the potence of dual address programs for immigrant/refugee students, and how educators basis bowl over these students effectively utilizing the dual lyric poem model.Educational needs of immigrant and refugee students Are teachers meeting the needs of these students?An immigr ant leaves his headquartersland to regain greener grass. A refugee leaves his homeland because the grass is burning under his feet- Barbara LawTeachers in classrooms today demonstrate an ever-ever-changing, more baffling challenge than those who taught in previous generations. The culture of students in class changes every year, making it compound for educators to reach the unfamiliar ground effectively. As an educational society, we fork out not seen the demographics of students change more since the influx of immigrants in the early 1900s. During the past 20 years, the amount of foreign speaking students in a natural public shallow has doubled, if not tripled in size (Goldenberg, 2008). According to Kugler, E. G. (2009), the population of immigrant children in the classroom stands at 10.8 million students. With that said, the question remains as to how teachers reach the tender immigrant and refugee students. This literature review addresses the needs of the changing env ironment in which teachers and students cohabitate together on a daily basis, how teachers reach students with vocabulary barriers, and complications that both parties face daily.What is the difference between a refugee and an immigrant?In order to understand the basis for this article, adept essential archetypal understand the concept of refugee and immigrant. According to Colorn Colorado (2008), refugees are individuals who fled their lands in fear of persecution due(p) to personal, religious or political beliefs, in search of a safe befuddlen. Immigrants are people that migrant to a different estate in search of a more suitable job opportunity, maintenance situation, or a desire to move closer to extended family. The major difference in a refugee and an immigrant is that refugees leave their country in a hurry, whereas the immigrant plans the move ahead of time. According to Title III of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, educators define immigrant students as such, in dividuals who are aged 3 through and through 21 were not born in every state and mystify not been attending one or more schools in any one or more states for more than 3 wax academic years (SDCOE, 2010).What parts of the world are immigrants and refugees coming from?This question poses large relevance to the manner in which teachers address the needs of students arriving from different countries. The needs of these students vary by country and status of which they engrave the U.S. During the 1980s, there were a vast number of refugees entering the United States from Latin Ameri bathroom countries, some arrived from Asia, and a handful came from the Caribbean islands. Statistics shows that over 85% over refugees arriving from this decade were from Latin American countries (Jensen Chitose, 1994). During the 1990s, the arrival of refugees came primarily from countries twisting in conflicts such as Bosnia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, and Sudan (McBrien, 2005). In 2003, the approve d refugee applications came from similar countries to United states during the 1990s influx, Bosnia (3,874), Afghanistan (1,635), Sudan (1,054), plot of land the legal age of applicants received were from the country of Somalia (24,458) (McBrien, 2005).What are the needs of immigrant and refugee students?Students who arrive from other countries requesting educational services from American teachers have many educational needs. This need varies by culture, and depends upon the services each student received in his/her home country. Many students from other countries have difficulty in indication abilities. This problem worsens when trying to grasp recitation concepts in the slope language. In researching this, Goldenberg states that students who learn to read in his/her offshoot language are distant more effective in grasping face language reading concepts, than those who have no reading might at all. Teachers must use sensitivity when attempting to dish foreign students in their reading ability, as these students will be discouraged if they are corrected too much, or too soon when training English. Educators must approach instruction of reading concepts to foreign students with caution, and allow for extra time when completing assignments (Goldenberg, 2008). ace critical need that refugee students have when he/she arrives here in the United States is mental health care. These refugee students form emotional baggage to the classroom, and many teachers and counselors do not have the resources available to assist these students as the language spoken creates a barrier. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common problem found in refugee students, and affects the students military operation in school (Kugler, E.G, 2009). Due to the residency status of these students, many are unable to receive treatment for this disorder, or are afraid to divulge personal information to others, as he/she fears deportation support to the home country (Kugler, E.G, 200 9).Not only is there a mental health care need within refugee students, still also a need for basic resources available to each family. When arriving here in the United States, students often have difficulty finding a school close to where the family is staying. Once the student finds a school close to home, the next hurdle is the school accepting the documentation on each learner. There are no pamphlets or handouts given to families when arriving in the States, and many do not have any personal contacts each family can rely on for financial aid with education billet.Immigrant students that arrive in the U.S often acquire the English language quicker than their adult parents do. This causes the student to take on the business of an adult, where he/she is often in charge of helping negotiate finances, health decisions, and family affairs (Kugler Price, 2009).The needs of immigrant and refugee students are a very multifaceted situation, that teachers cannot handle simply utilizin g the ELL classroom resources. These students need to build their knowledge in core content areas also. Educators and administrators must not shelter these students from mainstream classroom culture, as it will hinder their ability to acculturate into English culture. The more exposure these students receive in English on a day-to day basis, the quicker they acquire these skills (Goldenberg, 2008).There is another need that immigrant and refugee students have when arriving in the U.S. These students understand the role they birth in his/her home culture, yet when arriving in the classroom, there is much confusion as to how these students fit in our society. The parents of immigrant/refugee students may not have the adequate time to ensure that the student knows how to act in the new culture, which leads to confusion and unease for the student. The teacher plays a large role in assisting with finding resources to help acquaint each immigrant/refugee student in understanding classro om roles for students.Some immigrant/refugee students who travel to United States for various reasons have specific needs when they appear in the classroom. One such group that researchers continue to study is the Hmong-American students that immingle with the mainstream English speaking population. These students have increased in numbers at an exponential rate since 1975, when they first started arriving from their home country of Laos (Vang, 2005). California has a large number of these students in their school system, tallying just about 36,000 Hmong students, with about 85% of these having limited English proficiency (Vang, 2005). In order for these students to show success in the school system, educators and administrators must first address needs for the Hmong population.The need for these students is assistance from translator or teacher that speaks the Hmong language. Hmong students initially received placement in ESL classrooms, as administrators felt teachers might eff ectively reach them. Administrative provide placed Hmong students in these classes under the assumption that these students do not excel, and with no desire to further their education in college (Vang, 2005). Administrators also felt that these students, although not entering college, needed skills to survive in the workplace. Hmong students received placement in classes that geared the students toward workplace success, with the goal of minimum graduation requirements fulfilled. For administrators and educators in these situations, it is vital that they refrain from pigeonholing students in certain classes, based upon the perceived ability each student sufferes. These students must receive neutral placement in classes that addresses the Hmong population need.How do teachers effectively address each of these needs?In growing strategies that teachers use to help immigrant and refugee students adapt to the new classroom culture, the first thing a teacher must incorporate is effec tive management skills. Teachers must re-invent styles of teaching in order to reach each strange student, and understand each students cultural background. It is important for teachers to develop activities that bring forward students to learn not only in his/her inseparable language, yet also build on what they already understand (Curran, Mary Elizabeth, 2003).In a research article found, analysts report that utilizing a dual-language program is helpful for immigrant and refugee students (Goldenberg, 2008). This concept involves students using their home language in the morning to learn subject material, and then in the afternoon using English while learning different content areas (Goldenberg, 2008). This teaching concept is known as a dual language program in many states. Here in Nebraska, the dual language program provides opportunities for both English and foreign language learners.Where do teachers demote in reaching the needs of immigrant and refugee students?With the va st influx of immigrant and refugee students arriving in the classroom over the past two decades, the challenge to give these students proper education has proven difficult for many teachers in any grade level. There are several problems when attempting to reach the immigrant and refugee students. The first cope is that the immigration/refugee population is not getting any smaller, and research shows that the amount of incoming immigrants to the number of native English speakers in the classroom grows at a rate of 41(Walker, A., Shafer, J., Liams, M. 2004).A second recurrence in which teachers and administrators fail to reach immigrant and refugee students is only teaching English in school, which does not allow assistance in foreign languages in these classrooms. The English only push in schools enables legislation that denies use of any other language than English within the classroom setting (Shunpiking, 1996). This limits the learning environment for those who are limited Engl ish proficient, and does nothing to promote success of these students. There are currently sixteen states that have English only laws in schools, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia (Shunpiking, 1996).There is one area in which educators and administrators fail in meeting the needs of immigrant/refugee students that often many in society do not consider. In some areas of the U.S, these students do not receive enrollment in charter schools, yet these schools are often closest to where the immigrant/refugee students live. New York is one of the cities that struggles to ensure immigrant/refugee students have a place in their charter schools. A study done in January of 2010 by United Federation of Teachers found that only four percent of ELL students receive enrollment in charter schools within the neighborhood these students live in. This is i n contrast to the citywide ordinary of 14 percent that enroll in charter schools. Charter schools receive on average about 10 percent less students of free/reduced lunches than those schools on the district level.How do teachers encourage refugee and immigrant students to succeed?Helping refugee and immigrant students succeed not only takes place in the classroom setting, but can assist refugee/immigrant students and their families outside the class also. Teachers can tap into community resources available to the school that will help each immigrant/refugee family feel acceptable. According to Colorn Colorado (2009), there are several things teachers can pursue to help students adapt within the new environment when arriving in the classroom. Below are the methods as listed on their website. The first is the teacher must educate him/herself about the new student. It is important to learn their culture, and from what country they originate. It is helpful for new students lowering th eir affective filter if the teacher allows each individual to share with the class their experiences. Below is a list by Colorn Colorado (2009), of things teachers should utilize to help welcome new immigrant and refugee students in classLearn as much as you can about refugee students cultures, and get students to share their knowledge with their classmates. Develop a list of community resources such as food and clothe shelves, health care centers, and adult ESL classes. Have the information on hand to share at conferences or other family events. Consider what works best for the families if they live in a concentrated area with a community center you may want to hold the meetings in their neighborhood. Be sure to have bilingual support, food and childcare. Federal funds can be used to provide transportation as well. For onetime(a) students who need to develop initial literacy skills, work with other staff to provide age-appropriate materials that allows the students to practice their developing skills, but doesnt require them to complete activities designed for young children (Colorn Colorado, 2009).Are dual language programs effective for immigrant and refugee students?The effectiveness of a dual language program in a given school system relies upon the acquired skills teachers possess in the program, and the ability to successfully reach each student. In Texas, administrators tout this program with a brand of success in their school systems.